Australia and India are logical strategic partners. Yet circumstances, especially the Cold War and nuclear differences, have long obstructed their closer engagement. While the new Australian Labor Government, elected in November, claims it wants to make the India relationship a priority, the next few years offer a crossroads. One possibility is the breakthrough both countries need, though this will take sustained political will in both capitals. An unsteady start to the relationship under the Rudd government also suggests it is quite possible that expectations will be left unfulfilled. If so, the reasons will include uranium and China.

Rory Medcalf directs the international security program at the Lowy Institute for International Affairs in Sydney. He was an Australian diplomat from 2000-2003.

The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the policy or position of the East-West Center or any organization with which the author is affiliated.