Three-fourths of Hawai'i's reef fish species are seriously depleted. To preserve and build back these populations, government policymakers and community leaders need to know how many fish are actually harvested every year. Reported sales account for $3 million of the annual nearshore fish catch, but this research estimates that another $7-$13 million is undocumented. Interventions to preserve Hawai'i's fish should include better monitoring of catch and post-catch distribution and improved consumer education.