Since the end of the New Order government, terrorism has became the most serious issue in Indonesia. Several bomb explosions since the fall of New Order government in 1998 until the Bali bomb in October 2005 demonstrated that terrorism is a continuous threat. Media reports of previous terrorist attacks suggested that some of the terrorists are from West Java. This research aims to analyze contributing factors to the emergence of terrorism in this province. To examine the correlation between poverty and terrorism, field research was conducted in the southern parts of West Java, the region that is considered less advantageous than the northern parts. Because poverty is strongly correlated with development policy, the research focuses on the government's development program and socio-economic issues. Moreover, terrorism and radicalism to some extent are caused by misunderstanding and misinterpretation of Islamic teachings. To see the causal, the research was also conducted in the Islamic boarding school (pesantren), as well as to examine the role of Kyai as informal leaders in the rural area.